نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
2 گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی. دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 .گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The binding nature of sale (luzum al-bay‘) is one of the fundamental issues in the jurisprudence of transactions and plays a significant role in regulating legal and economic relations. Two principal viewpoints have been advanced within Imamiyya jurisprudence regarding this issue. The first view, advocated by Muhaqqiq Ardabili, holds that the original rule is the non-binding nature of a sale contract. According to this perspective, the transfer of ownership is not inherently linked to the binding character of the contract; rather, binding force is established only when supported by a specific legal or rational proof. One of the most important jurisprudential foundations of this view is reliance on the presumption of non-bindingness in contracts and the distinction between the realization of ownership and the binding nature of the contract. In other words, the mere occurrence of a sale and transfer of ownership does not, by itself, necessitate the binding character of the contract; instead, binding force requires a specific legal or rational justification. Drawing upon examples such as mu‘atat (informal exchange-based sale) and prevailing rational practices in commercial dealings, Muhaqqiq Ardabili argues that contracts are, by default, revocable and do not entail permanent commitment unless a valid proof establishes otherwise. In contrast, the dominant view among Imamiyya jurists emphasizes the intrinsic binding nature of a sale contract and maintains that a sale becomes binding upon its conclusion, except in cases where recognized options (khiyarat) permit rescission. This position is grounded in Qur’anic verses, narrations from the Infallibles, and the legal maxim “People have authority over their property” (al-nas musallatun ‘ala amwalihim), and it enjoys broader acceptance in Imamiyya jurisprudence. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines both viewpoints and demonstrates that although the dominant opinion plays an important role in ensuring transactional certainty, Muhaqqiq Ardabili’s perspective, due to its reliance on rational foundations and greater flexibility, possesses a stronger capacity to adapt to the conditions and requirements of transactions in contemporary life.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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