A Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of the Possibility of Discrimination in the Right of Retention in Islamic Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, and Judicial Practice

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 استادیار دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی-مشهد مقدس

2 دانش آموخته سطح 4 حوزه علمیه خراسان-مشهد مقدس

3 گروه حقوق دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی-مشهد مقدس

10.22081/jf.2025.70415.2861

Abstract

One of the contentious issues regarding the right of retention (as addressed in Article 377 of the Iranian Civil Code) is the possibility of discrimination in its application. In other words, if one party to a contract partially fulfills their obligation, what is the legal status of the other party’s right of retention? This issue is subject to differing opinions among Islamic jurists, and multiple approaches have been proposed. The Iranian legislator, however, appears to adopt the view of full preservation of the right of retention in Article 377, although Articles 371 and 533 of the Commercial Code endorse a more discriminatory view. Judicial practice also tends to uphold the right of retention until full performance of contractual obligations. This research, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, demonstrates that the view supporting the full preservation of the right of retention is more consistent with jurisprudential and legal foundations, as well as with the requirements of commercial transactions. This position is supported by arguments such as: adherence to the rationale behind legislating the right of retention, maintaining commutative justice, enhancing the motivation and security of creditors and investors, preventing misuse of rights, aligning with the principle that contracts follow intent, and conforming to general primary and secondary legal principles, rational convention (sirat al-‘uqala), and the objectives of legal systems.

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Main Subjects

References

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  • Receive Date: 28 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 09 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 30 June 2025

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