Newly Emerging Contracts from the Perspective of Imamiyyah Jurisprudence

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute & Professor of Advanced Levels at the Islamic Seminary of Qom, Iran.

Abstract

With human advancements in technology and economics, contracts have significantly expanded and diversified. According to jurists’ view, the validity and enforceability of contracts depend on the approval of the Shari'ah. This raises the question of whether newly emerging contracts (ʿuqūd mustaḥdatha) can be considered independently valid alongside the conventional contracts established during the time of Shari'ah legislation, or whether they must necessarily conform to the recognized contracts of that era. Some jurists uphold the doctrine of tawqīfiyyah (restriction), requiring all contracts to align with the conventional contracts of the time of legislation. Others, however, reject this restriction and argue that new contracts are inherently valid. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical method, supports the latter view. By analyzing the Quranic verse mandating contract fulfillment—recognized as the most significant evidence in resolving this issue—it demonstrates that newly emerging contracts are intrinsically valid and do not need to be categorized under the conventional contracts of early Islamic jurisprudence.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Fiqh
Volume 31, Issue 0
September 2024
Pages 7-39

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 27 September 2024
  • Accept Date: 05 February 2025

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