A Jurisprudential-Legal Reflection on the Entitlement to Arsh (Compensation) in the Case of Option of Deceit (Khiyar Tadlis)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Khorasan Seminary

2 Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

In Imamiya jurisprudence and the Civil Code, the institution of arsh (compensation) is reserved for the option of defect (khiyar ‘ayb). However, it appears that excluding arsh from the option of deceit (khiyar tadlis) contradicts principles of justice and fairness. Two scenarios can be considered in this regard: First, the seller engages in deceptive practices and sells the item.
Second, the item has a defect, but the seller does not commit any deceptive act and sells the item. The authors argue that giving the buyer only the option to annul or uphold the contract in the case of khiyar tadlis—without granting the right to claim arsh despite the seller’s deceitful conduct—is neither logical nor fair. Especially when, in the second scenario, the buyer may annul the contract or receive arsh due to the defect, even though no deceit occurred. Therefore, the existence of the right to claim arsh in the case of deceit should take precedence. The aim of this research is to critique and analyze the arguments of both proponents and opponents of the applicability of arsh in khiyar tadlis. Through a descriptive-analytical method, this study concludes that there is no exclusive feature in khiyar ‘ayb that limits arsh to it alone; rather, sufficient grounds exist for applying arsh in cases of khiyar tadlis as well.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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  • Receive Date: 17 September 2024
  • Revise Date: 24 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 14 April 2025

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