Feasibility of Claiming Equivalent Compensation for Wet Nurses and Conditions for Eligibility in Light of Articles 336 and 1176 of the Iranian Civil Code

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran (Corresponding Author)

2 Associate Professor of Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

3 PhD Student, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Regarding the entitlement to equivalent compensation for wet nurses, some jurists assert that no such compensation is due, arguing that the husband’s provision of maintenance implies his ownership of all benefits from the wife, including enjoyment and nursing. Additionally, it is noted that what typically occurs in family practices is a "reciprocal favor," and if compensation is to be claimed, the husband must also seek remuneration for any favors exceeding his duties. Therefore, it seems that the only means of compensating the wet nurse would be through her rental, yet proponents of non-entitlement argue that there remains no subject for leasing in the lease of the wife, as she has been given in enjoyment once through the dowry and again in obedience through maintenance. Consequently, renting the mother would also be impossible. However, upon examining this viewpoint, it should be stated that there is no necessary connection between providing maintenance and the non-obligation to pay other compensations, and there is no justification for extending this ownership to all benefits. Nursing is an independent benefit; therefore, those who argue for entitlement see it as possible under certain conditions. Conversely, some have challenged the conditions for the wet nurse's eligibility for equivalent compensation, deeming it unfeasible. However, research findings indicate that the wet nurse, under the condition of "no donation," despite appearing to breastfeed her child out of love rather than for remuneration, still aligns with the initial condition of non-donation. In relation to the "husband's command," although the husband typically does not give an imperative order, it seems that the intended command is not necessarily strict and also includes requests; thus, the wet nurse meets the second condition. Regarding the third condition, "no obligation to act," reference to Article 1176, which states that breastfeeding is not obligatory for the mother except in specific cases, indicates that this condition applies to the wet nurse. Therefore, upon the fulfillment of these three conditions, the possibility of claiming equivalent compensation for the wet nurse will be established.

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References

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Fiqh
Volume 31, Issue 1
June 2024
Pages 172-199

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 February 2024
  • Revise Date: 01 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 31 October 2024

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