A Jurisprudential Analysis of the Documents of Article 412 of the Iranian Penal Code (Qisas for Broken Teeth)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract

According to general principles and references to valid verses and narrations, tooth, like other human body parts, is subject to retribution. However, there is a dispute among scholars of the Imami sect regarding the ruling on retribution for tooth fracture. They can be divided into three groups: some believe in the permissibility of retribution for tooth fracture, some believe it is not permissible, and some remain silent on the issue. In 2013, the legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran accepted the theory of permissibility of retribution in Article 412 of the Penal Code. The proponents of permissibility rely on evidence from Quranic verses (Al-Baqarah, 194) and some narrations. After examining the presented evidence, this paper concludes that the reliance of proponents on the permissibility of retribution is comprehensive, whether it is specifically or generally related to the tooth, as it does not meet the conditions for exemption from retribution under the principle of non-retribution for bones. Although the implementation of retribution is subject to the absence of other obstacles, this paper, by examining the general principles and references in the issue, proves the accepted viewpoint in Islamic Penal Law regarding retribution.

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References

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Fiqh
Volume 30, Issue 0
September 2023
Pages 189-213

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 14 January 2023
  • Accept Date: 24 October 2023

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