Forbidding and Expanding the Principle of "Loss of Goods before Delivery" with the Approach of Buying in the Metaverse Space

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Sistan and Baluchistan University, Zahedan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Sistan and Baluchistan University, Zahedan, Iran.

Abstract

MetaVerse, or the metaverse, is a broad concept of the next generation internet with a three-dimensional and decentralized environment where individuals can engage in buying and selling digital assets through non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with full ownership, access services and products regardless of any licensing requirements. Given the political, economic, and sanction-related conditions that obstruct and prohibit the transfer of any capital to the country, and considering the inherent nature of a sales contract where the transfer of ownership occurs simultaneously with the contract's conclusion, it raises questions. Firstly, can sanctions in this context be considered as destruction under the "destruction principle"? Secondly, how can the conditions for the realization of a sale, including the tangibility of the sold item and the practical manifestation of receipt, be justified in this context? This pioneering descriptive-analytical paper interprets and considers sanctions as an embodiment of the term "destruction" in the mentioned principle. It argues that coercive reconciliation and the causative agent of harm cannot be attributed to a specific person, thereby precluding the enforcement of compensatory measures and resulting in a nullified sale and damages incurred by the seller. Furthermore, in accordance with the content of the "destruction" principle, all the conditions for a valid sale exist within the MetaVerse, thus allowing for the extension of the "destruction" principle to the MetaVerse space.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Fiqh
Volume 30, Issue 0
September 2023
Pages 40-69

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History

  • Receive Date: 11 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 01 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 24 October 2023

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