An Evaluation of Validity of the Transaction on the Platform of Information and Communication Technology With an Emphasis on the condition of succession in demand and acceptance

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Student of Level Four in Islamic Seminary, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

In recent years, due to the expansion of information and communication technology, making money through the transaction of goods and services on this platform has been greatly promoted, in such a way that everyday users are encouraged to do this type of transactions through the many advertisements of startups. Placing these transactions on programmed internet and telecommunication systems that lack real components and accesses has made human intervention in it to a minimum and it leads to creating a space and time distance between the elements of the transaction, including demand and acceptance. However, according to the view of some jurists, the condition of the validity of the transaction is succession in demand and acceptance. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article has analyzed the quality of its realization in the transaction on the platform of information and communication technology, while weakening the condition of succession in the contract, and has considered earning money in this way as valid.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1.    Aamily, Z. (1413 AH). Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Sharae al-Islam (Vol. 4). Qom: Institute of Islamic Education. [In Arabic]
2.    Akhund Khorasani, M. (1409 AH). Kifayat al-Usul. Qom: Alulbat Institute. [In Arabic]
3.    al-Asfour Bahrani, Y. (1405 AH). al-Hadaiq al-Nazirah fi Ahkam Itrat al-Tahira (Vol. 21). Qom: Islamic Publication Office affiliated to the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
4.    Ameli Karaki, A. (1414 AH). Jami al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qawa'id (Vols. 1, 5 & 8). Qom: Alulbayt Institute. [In Arabic]
5.    Ameli, M. (n.d.). al-Qawa'id va al-Fawa'id (Vol. 1). Qom: Mofid Bookstore.
6.    Ameli, Z. (1421 AH). Rasa'il al-Shahid al-Thani (Vol. 2). Qom: Publications of the Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
7.    Amira, A. (1419 AH). Hashieh Amira (Vol. 8). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
8.    Ansari, M. (1415 AH). Kitab al-Makasib (Vol. 3). Qom: Sheikh Ansari Commemoration Congress. [In Arabic]
9.    Ardebili, A. (1403 AH). Majma' al-Fa'idah va al-Burhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan (Vol. 10). Qom: Islamic Publication Office affiliated to the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary.
10.    Bad al-Rahman, M. (n.d.). Mujam al-Mustalahat va al-Alfaz al-Fiqhiya (Vol. 1). 
11.    Bojnourdi, S. H. (1380 AP). Muntahi al-Usul (Vol. 1). Tehran: Orouj Institute. [In Persian]
12.    Dehkhoda, A. A. (1377 AP). Dehkhoda dictionary (Vols. 1, 2 & 11). Tehran: Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University. [In Persian]
13.    Ehsa'ei, I. A. (1405 AH). Awali al-La'ali al-Azizia (Vol. 2). Qom: Dar Seyyed al-Shuhada le al-Nashr. [In Arabic]
14.    Esfahani, M. H. (1418 AH). Hashiya Kitab al-Makasib (Vol. 1). Qom: Anwar al-Hoda. [In Arabic]
15.    Farahidi, K. (1410 AH). Kitab al-Ain (Makhzoumi, M., & Sameraei, E, Ed., Vols. 2 & 3). Qom: Hejrat. [In Arabic]
16.    Fayoumi, A. (n.d.). al-Masbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir le al-Rafe'ei (Vol. 2). Qom: Dar al-Razi Publications.
17.    Fazel Hendi Esfahani, M. (1416 AH). Kashf al-Latham va al-Abham an Qawa'id al-Ahkam (Vol. 2). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic] From: https://www.eshia.ir/Feqh/Archive/text/sobhani/feqh/ 96/961109 [In Persian]
18.    Gharavi Naeini, M. M. H. (1352 AP). Ajwad al-Taqrirat (Vol. 1). Qom: al-Irfan Press. [In Persian]
19.    Gharavi Naeini, M. M. H. (1373 AH). Maniya al-Talib fi Hashiya al-Makasib (Vol. 1). Tehran: Maktabah al-Mohammadiya. [In Arabic]
20.    Gharavi Naeini, M. M. H. (1376 AP). Fawa'id al-Asul (Vol. 2). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Persian]
21.    Gharavi Naeini, M. M. H. (1413 AH). al-Makasib va al-Ba'i (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
22.    Hashemi Shahroudi, S. M. (1426 AH). The dictionary of fiqh according to the religion of Ahl al-Bayt (Vol. 1). Qom: Institute of Islamic jurisprudence encyclopedia on the religion of Ahl al-Bayt. [In Arabic]
23.    Heli Asadi, F. (1387 AH). Izah al-Fawa'id fi Sharh Mushkilat al-Qawa'id (Vol. 3). Qom: Ismailian Institute. [In Arabic]
24.    Heli Asadi, H. (1413 AH). Mukhtalaf al-Shia fi Ahkam al-Sharia (Vol. 7). Qom: Islamic Publication Office affiliated the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
25.    Heli Asadi, H. (1413 AH). Qawa'id al-Ahkam fi Ma'arifah al-Halal va al-Haram (Vol. 2). Qom: Islamic Publication Office affiliated to the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
26.    Heli Asadi, H. (1414 AH). Tadzkirah al-Fuqaha (Vol. 17). Qom: Alulbayt Institute. [In Arabic]
27.    Heli Seivari, M. (1403 AH). Nazd al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiya ala Madhab al-Imamiyah. Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library. [In Arabic]
28.    Heli Seivari, M. (1404 AH). al-Tanqih al-Ra'e le Mukhtasar al-Shari'a (Vol. 2). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library. [In Arabic]
29.    Helli, H. (1432 AH). Usul al-Fiqh (Vol. 4). Qom: Maktabah al-Fiqh va al-Usul al-Mukhtasa. [In Arabic]
30.    Helli, N. (1408 AH). Shara'e al-Islam fi Masa'el al-Halal va al-Haram (Vol. 2). Qom: Ismailian Institute. [In Arabic]
31.    Himyari, N. (1420 AH). Shams al-Uloom va Dawa' Kalam al-Arab Min al-Kalum. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu'asir. [In Arabic]
32.    Hosseini Ameli, S. J. (1419 AH). Miftah al-Kiramah fi Sharh Qawa'id al-Allama (Vol. 16). Qom: Islamic Publication Office affiliated to the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
33.    Hosseini Maraghi, A. (1417 AH). al-Anawin (Vol. 2). al-Nashr al-Islami Institute. [In Arabic]
34.    Hosseini Rohani Qomi, S. S. (1412 AH). Fiqh al-Sadiq (Vol. 15). Qom: Dar al-Kitab al-Islami. [In Arabic]
35.    Hosseini Rohani Qomi, S. S. (1429 AH). Minhaj al-Fiqahah (Vol. 3). Qom: Dar al-Huda. [In Arabic]
36.    Hosseini Shirazi, S. M. (1426 AH). al-Vosul ila Kifaya al-Usul (Vol. 3). Qom: Dar al-Hikma. [In Arabic]
37.    Hosseini Zubeydi Vaseti, M. S. M. M. (1414 AH). Taj al-Arous min Jawahir al-Qamoos (Vol. 20, 4). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr le Taba'ah va al-Nashr va al-Tawzi'. [In Arabic]
38.    Ibn Baraj Terablosi, Q. (1406 AH). al-Muhadab (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Islamic Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
39.    Ibn Faris, A. (1404 AH). Mujam Maqqaees al-Lugha (Vols. 2, 4, 5 & 6). Qom: Publications of the Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
40.    Ibn Hajar Heitami, A. (2005). Tuhfa al-Muhtaj fi Sharh al-Minhaj (Vol. 29). Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiya.
41.    Ibn Idris Helli, M. (1410 AH). al-Sara'er al-Hawi le Tahrir al-Fatawi (Vol. 2). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Islamic Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
42.    Ibn Manzoor, J. (1414 AH). Lisan al-Arab (Vols. 2 & 8). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr le Taba'ah va al-Nashr va al-Tawzi'. [In Arabic]
43.    Ibn Qudama, A. (1997). al-Mughni (Vol. 7). Riyadh: Alam al-Kotob.
44.    Ibn Zohreh, H. (1417 AH). Ghaniya al-Nozoo ila Ilmi al-Usul va al-Foroo. Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute. [In Arabic]
45.    Jaz'eri, M. J. (1415 AH). Muntahi al-Diraya fi Tawzih al-Kifaya (Vol. 3). Qom: Dar al-Kitab Institute. [In Arabic]
46.    Johari, I. (1410 AH). al-Sahaha Taj al-Lugha va Sahah al-Arabiya (Vols. 1, 2 & 6). Beirut: Dar al-Ilm le al-Mala'een. [In Arabic]
47.    Khademi Kousha, M. A. (1397 AP). Sequence condition in electronic contracts. Jurisprudential Research, 14(3). pp. 707-730. [In Persian]
48.    Koleyni, M. (1429 AH). al-Kafi (Vol. 10). Qom: Dar al-Hadith le Taba'ah va al-Nashr. [In Arabic]
49.    Mamqani, M. (1316 AH). Ghayat al-Amal fi Sharh Kitab al-Makasib (Vol. 2). Qom: Majma al-Dakha'er al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
50.    Mardawi, A. (1419 AH). al-Insaf Fi Marafah al-Rajeh Min al-Khilaf (Vol. 8) Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi.
51.    Meshkini, A. (n.d.). Fiqh terms. 
52.    Mohammadi, A. (1400 AP). Basics of inferring Islamic law. Tehran: Tehran University Press.
53.    Mojahed, S. M. T. (n.d.). Kitab al-Manahil. Qom: Alulbayt Institute.
54.    Moravej Jazayer, S. M. J. (1416 AH). Huda al-Talib fi Sharh al-Makasib (Vol. 2). Qom: Dar al-Kitab Institute. [In Arabic]
55.    Mostafavi, H. (1402 AH). al-Tahqiq fi Kalamat al-Qur'an al-Karim (Vol. 9). Tehran: Markaz al-Kitab le Tarjomah va al-Nashr. [In Arabic]
56.    Mousavi Khoi, S. A. (1417 AH). Misbah al-Fiqahah (Vol. 3). Qom: Ansarian. [In Arabic]
57.    Mousavi Khomeini, S. M. (n.d.). Mustand Tahrir al-Wasila (Vol. 2). Tehran: The Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works.
58.    Mousavi Khomeini, S. R. (1421 AH). Kitab al-Ba'i (Vols. 1 & 2). Tehran: The Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works. [In Arabic]
59.    Mousavi Khomeini, S. R. (1423 AH). Tahdib al-Usul (Vol. 1). Tehran: The Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works. [In Arabic]
60.    Mousavi Qazvini, S. A. (1424 AH). Yanbi al-Ahkam fi Ma'arifah al-Halal va al-Haram (Vol. 2). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
61.    Mousavi Sharif Morteza, A. (1417 AH). al-Masa'il al-Nasiriyat. Tehran: Islamic Culture and Relations Association. [In Arabic]
62.    Muzaffar, M. R. (1430 AH). Usul al-FIqh (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publications Institute affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
63.    Najafi Irwani, A. (1406 AH). Hashiya al-Makasib (Vol. 1). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. [In Arabic]
64.    Najafi Kashif al-Ghita, M. H. (1359 AH). Tahrir al-Majala (Vol. 1). Najaf: al-Maktab al-Razawiyyah. [In Arabic]
65.    Nizam al-Araj, H. (n.d.). Sharh al-Nizam ala al-Shafiyyah. Qom: Dar al-Hajjah al-Thaqafah.
66.    Qureshi, S. A. A. (1412 AH). Qamous Qur'an (Vol. 4). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
67.    Ragheb Esfahani, H. (1412 AH). Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm. [In Arabic]
68.    Saadi, A. (1408 AH) al-Qamoos al-Fiqhi, Lugha va Istilaha. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr Publications. [In Arabic]
69.    Sabzevari, M. B. (1423 AH). Kifayat al-Ahkam (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
70.    Sadr, S. M. B. (1418 AH). Dorous fi Ilm al-Usul (Vol. 1). Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
71.    Sarakhsi, M. (1414 AH). al-Mabsut (Vol. 6). Beirut: Dar al-Ma'arifah. [In Arabic]
72.    Shahidi Tabrizi, M. F. (1375 AH). Hidaya al-Talib ila Asrar al-Makasib (Vol. 2). Tabriz: Information Printing House. [In Arabic]
73.    Sobhani, J. (1396 AP). Kharij Fiqh Course, Qom:
74.    Tabatabaei Hakim, S. M. (1416 AH). Mustamsek al-Urwah al-Wosqa (Vol. 14). Qom: Dar al-Tafseer Institute. [In Arabic]
75.    Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. M. K. (1421 AH). Hashiya al-Makasib (Vol. 1). Qom: Ismailian Institute. [In Arabic]
76.    Tabrizi, M. J. (1426 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 2). Qom: Imam al-Mahdi Assembly. [In Arabic]
77.    Tareehi, F. (1416 AH). Majma' al-Bahrain (Vol. 4). Tehran: Mortazavi Bookstore. [In Arabic]
78.    Tusi, A. (1387 AH). al-Mabsut fi fiqh al-Imamiya (Vol. 4). Tehran: al-Maktabah al-Mortazawiyya, Le Ihya al-Athar al-Jafariya. [In Arabic]
79.    Zilaei, O. (1313 AH). Tab'een al-Haqa'iq Sharh Kanz al-Daqa'eq (Vol. 3). Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Islami. [In Arabic]