Delay in the Legitimacy of the Condition of Wife's Representation in Divorce

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Islamic Seminary researcher, lecturer, PhD in Fiqh and fundamentals of Islamic law from Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

One of the conditions that have become common in marriage today is the condition of the wife's representation in her divorce in some cases or even in absolute form. This condition has not been dealt with in the books of the past, although the validity of the wife's representation in divorce has a history and has had supporters and opponents. This paper, while looking for the history of this issue and its evolution, has criticized and examined the legitimacy of the mentioned condition and it shows that the incorrect justification of the views of jurists such as Sheikh Tusi, who considered the wife's power of representation in divorce to be invalid, provided the context for changing the course of the debate and neglecting the requirements of some narratives that absolutely introduce the condition of handing over the power of divorce to the wife by the husband as invalid. In addition, by clearing some ambiguities, and clarifying the difference between Towkil (make someone as representative) and Toliyat (to give someone authority), and responding to the notion of considering the meaning of narratives to titles such as Takhyeer and Toliyat, or the case of depriving the spouse of the right to divorce, it is proved that conditional representation at the time of necessary contract that the husband is not able to abolish is one of the clear examples of this condition being as invalid.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

* The Holy Quran
1.    Allameh Heli, H. (1413 AH). Mukhtalaf al-Shi'a fi Ahkam al-Sharia' (2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
2.    Ameli Karaki (Muhaqiq Thani), A. (1414 AH). Jami al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qawa'id (2nd ed.). Qom: Alulbayt. [In Arabic]
3.    Araki, M. A. (1371 AP). Tawzih al-Masa'il. Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary. [In Persian]
4.    Bahrani, Y. (1405 AH). Al-Hadaiq al-Nazirah fi Ahkam al-Itrah al-Tahira (Vol. 25, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
5.    Emami, S. H. (n.d.). Civil rights (Vol. 5). Tehran: Islamia.
6.    Fakhr al-Muhaqeqin Heli, M. (1387 AH). Izah al-Fawa'id fi Sharh Mushkilat al-Qawa'id (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Qom: Esmailian. [In Arabic]
7.    Feiz Kashani, M. M. (n.d.). Al-Mafatih al-Shara'ei (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Murashi Najafi Library.
8.    Hakim, S. M. (1410 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Taarif le Matbu'at. [In Arabic]
9.    Hakim, S. M. S. (1415 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Safvat. [In Arabic]
10.    Hor Ameli, M. (1409 AH). Tafsil Wasa'il al-Shia ila Tahsil Ahkam al-Sharia (Vol. 21, 22, 1st ed.). Qom: AlulBait. [In Arabic]
11.    Ibn Baraj Terablesi, A. (1406 AH). Al-Muhazab (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
12.    Ibn Hamzah Tousi, M. (1408 AH). Al-Wasila ila Nile Al-Fazilah (1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library. [In Arabic]
13.    Ibn Idris Heli, M. (1410 AH). Al-Sara'er al-Hawi le Tahrir al-Fatawi (Vol. 2, 2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
14.    Ibn Qudama, A. (1388 AH). Al-Muqni. Cairo: Cairo School. [In Arabic]
15.    Imam Khomeini, S. R. (1422 AH). Istifta'at (Vol. 3, 5th ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
16.    Imam Khomeini, S. R. (1424 AH). Tawzih al-Masa'il Muhasha (Vol. 2, 8th ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
17.    Imam Khomeini, S. R. (n.d.). Tahrir al-Wasila (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Dar al-Ilm.
18.    Jozairi, A., & Gharavi, S. M., & Mazeh, Y (1419 AH). al-Fiqh ala al-Madahib al-Arba'ah va Madhab Ahl al-Bayt (Vol. 4, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Saqlain. [In Arabic]
19.    Keidari (Qutabuddin), M. (1416 AH). Isbah al-Shi'a be Masbah al-Shari'a (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute. [In Arabic]
20.    Kharazi, S. M. (n.d.). Al-Hawalah fi al-Mu'amilat al-Bankiyah. Journal of Fiqh Ahlulbayt (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic jurisprudence encyclopedia institute on the religion of Ahl al-Bayt.
21.    Khoei, S. A. (1410 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 2, 28th ed.). Qom: Madinah al-Ilm. [In Arabic]
22.    Makarem Shirazi, N. (1424 AH). Kitab al-Nikah (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib School. [In Arabic]
23.    Mohaghegh Damad, S. M. (n.d.). Jurisprudential study of family law: marriage and its dissolution (1st ed.). Qom.
24.    Mohaghegh Heli, N. J. (1408 AH). Shara'e al-Islam fi Masa'el al-Halal va al-Haram (2nd ed.). Qom: Esmailian. [In Arabic]
25.    Mohaghegh Sabzevari, M. B. (1423 AH). Kifayah Al-Ahkam (Vol. 1, 26, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
26.    Mughniyeh, M. J. (1421 AH). Fiqh al-Imam al-Sadiq (Vol. 6, 2nd ed.). Qom: Ansarian. [In Arabic]
27.    Najafi, M. H. (1404 AH). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara'e Islam (Vol. 27, 32, 7th ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Torath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
28.    Qomi Gilani, A. (1427 AH). Rasa'il Al-Mirza Al-Qami's (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office - Khorasan Branch. [In Arabic]
29.    Qomi Tabatabaei, S. T. (1426 AH). Mabani Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 10, 1st ed.). Qom: Qalam al-Sharq. [In Arabic]
30.    Rayegan, M. (1391 AP). Jurisprudential examination of the condition of wife's representation in divorce. Marafet Hoquqi, 1(3), pp. 89-110. [In Persian]
31.    Rouhani Qomi, S. M. (1417 AH). Al-Masa'il el-Muntakhabah (1st ed.). Kuwait: Al-Alfin School. [In Arabic]
32.    Sabzevari, S. A. (1431 AH). Muhadab al-Ahkam (4th ed.). Qom: Al Manar. [In Arabic]
33.    Safi Golpaygani, L. (1417 AH). Jame al-Ahkam (Vol. 2, 4th ed.) Qom: Hazrat Masoumeh Publications. [In Arabic]
34.    Shahid Sani, Z. (1412 AH). Al-Rawda al-Bahiya fi Sharh al-Luma' al-Dameshqiyah (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
35.    Shahid Thani, Z. (1413 AH). Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Sharae al-Islam (Vol. 5, 9, 1st ed.). Qom: Al-Maarif al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
36.    Shams, A., & a group of colleagues. (1394 AP). Civil law and civil liability law (10th ed.). Tehran: Derak. [In Persian]
37.    Shobeyri Zanjani, S. M. (1419 AH). Kitab Nikah (Vol. 8, 1st ed.). Qom: Ray Pardaz. [In Arabic]
38.    Shobeyri Zanjani, S. M. (1428 AH). Al-Masa'il al-Sharia (1st ed.). Qom: Nashr Al-Faqaha. [In Arabic]
39.    Sistani Hosseini, S. A. (1417 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin (Vol. 3, 5th ed.). Qom: Office of Hazrat Ayatollah Sistani. [In Arabic]
40.    Soroush Mahalati. M. (1387 AP). Jurisprudential legal ambiguities of wife's representation in divorce. Journal of Jurisprudence and Law, 5(18), pp. 59-86. [In Persian]
41.    Tabatabaei Haeri (Mujahid), S. M. (n.d.). Kitab al-Manahil (1st ed.). Qom: Alulbayt.
42.    Tabatabaei Haeri, S. A. (n.d.). Riyad al-Masa'il (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Alulbayt.
43.    Tabrizi, J. (1427 AH). Sirat al-Najat (Vol. 8, 1st ed.). Qom: Dar al-Sadiqa al-Shahida. [In Arabic]
44.    Taheri, H. (1418 AH). Civil law (Vol. 3, 2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
45.    Tousi, M. (1387 AH). Al-Mabsut fi Fiqh al-Imamiyah (Vol. 2, 3, 4, 5, 3rd ed.). Tehran: Al-Maktabah al-Mortazawieh. [In Arabic]
46.    Tousi, M. (1390 AH). Al-Istbasar Fima Ikhtalaf min Al-Akhbar (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyeh. [In Arabic]
47.    Tousi, M. (1400 AH). Al-Nahayah fi Mujarad al-Fiqh va al-Fatawa (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
48.    Tousi, M. (1407 AH). Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam (Vol. 7, 4th ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
49.    Yazdi, M. (1415 AH). Fiqh al-Qur'an (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Qom: Esmailian. [In Arabic]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 December 2021
  • Revise Date: 25 May 2022
  • Accept Date: 30 October 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics