A Jurisprudential-legal Examination of Diya of Penetrating Injuries

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Researcher and lecturer in Islamic Seminary and University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

یکی از جرایم نسبتاً شایعی که علیه تمامیت جسمانی اشخاص به وقوع می پیوندد، جراحاتی است که بدن مجنی علیه را سوراخ نموده و موجب رنج و تعب و در مواردی منجر به از کارافتادن آن عضو می گردد. دیه این نوع از جراحات که نافذه نامیده می شود، یک دهم دیه انسان می باشد. زوایای مختلف این جرم مورد اتفاق علما نبوده و نیاز به تحقیق و بررسی دارد. از جمله موارد اختلافی می توان به تعریف دقیق نافذه و میزان دیه نافذه اعضاء و نیز دیه زنان در این نوع جراحات اشاره نمود.

بر اساس نظر منتخب در این مقاله، نافذه جراحتی خواهد بود که وارد اعضای غیر مرکزی بدن (سر و صورت و سینه و شکم) شده و از طرف دیگر خارج نشود ضمن اینکه تفاوتی بین دیه مرد و زن وجود نخواهد داشت

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Keywords

Main Subjects


1.    Ardabili, A. (1403 AH). Majma al-Fa'idah va al-Burhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan. (Vol. 14, 1st ed.). Qom: Al-Nashr al-Islami Institute. [In Arabic]
2.    Aghabozorb Tehrani, M. M. (1430 AH). Al-Dhari'a al-Tasanif al-Shia. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
3.    Bahrani, Y. (1426 AH). Al-Hadaiq al-Nazira fi Ahkam al-Itrat al-Tahirah. (Vol. 5, 1st ed.). Qom: Al-Nashr al-Islami Institute. [In Arabic]
4.    Hor Ameli, M. (1409 AH). Tafsil Wasa'il al-Shia ila Tahsil Masa'il al-Shariah. (Vol. 29, 1st ed.). Qom: Alulbayt Institute. [In Arabic]
5.    Hor Ameli, M. (1412 AH). Hedaya Al-Uma ila Ahkam Al-A'imah. (Vol. 8, 1st ed.). Mashhad: Majma' al-Bohouth al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
6.    Hosseini Rouhani, S. S. (1412 AH). Fiqh al-Sadiq. (AS) (Vol. 26, 1st ed.). Qom: Dar al-Kitab - School of Imam Sadiq (AS). [In Arabic]
7.    Heli, H. (1381 AP). Rijal Allama Al-Heli. (2nd ed.). Najaf: Matba'ah Al-Heydaria. [In Persian]
8.    Ibn Manzoor, M. (1414 AH). Lisan al-Arab. (Vol. 3, 3rd ed.) Beirut: Dar al-Fikr le Taba'ah va al-Nashr va Al-Tawzii- Dar Sadir. [In Arabic]
9.    Khomeini, S. R. (n.d.). Tahrir al-Wasila. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Mu'asisah Matbu'at Dar Ilm.
10.    Khoei, S. A. (1413 AH). Rijal al-Hadith Dictionary. (Vol. 8). Najaf: Matba'ah Al-Adab. [In Arabic]
11.    Khoei, S. A. (1422 AH). Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Imam Al-Khoei Works Revival Institute. [In Arabic]
12.    Ragheb Esfahani, H. (1412 AH). Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur'an. (1st ed.). Lebanon - Syria: Dar Al Ilm- Al Dar Al Shamia. [In Arabic]
13.    Sabzevari, S. A. (1413 AH). Muhadab al-Ahkam fi bayan halal wal haram. (Vol. 29, 4th ed.). Qom: Al Manar Institute. [In Arabic]
14.    Sheikh Sadouq, M. (1413 AH). Man La Yahdar al-Faqih. (Vol. 4, 2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with Qom Seminary Teachers Society. [In Arabic]
15.    Sadr, S. M. (1420 AH). Mawara' al-Fiqh. (Vol. 9, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Azwa' le al-Taba'ah va al-Nashr va al-Tawzih. [In Arabic]
16.    Tabatabaei Haeri, S. A. (1409 AH). Al-Sharh al-Sagheer fi Sharh Mukhtasar al-Nafi. (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications. [In Arabic]
17.    Tabatabaei Haeri, S. A. (1418 AH). Riaz al-Masal fi Tahqiq al-Ahkam be al-Dala'il. (Vol. 16, 1st ed.). Qom: Alulbayt Institute. [In Arabic]
18.    Tabatabaei Hakim, S. M. S. (1415 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin. (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Safwa. [In Arabic]
19.    Tarihi, F. (1416 AH). Majma' al-Bahrain. (3rd ed., vol. 3). Tehran: Mortazavi Bookstore. [In Arabic]
20.    Tusi, M. (1407 AH). Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam. (Vol. 10, 4th ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
21.    Ameli, Z. (1410 AH). Al-Rawda al-Bahiya fi Sharh al-LUm'a al-Damashqiyyah. (Vol. 10, 1st ed/). Qom: Davari bookstore. [In Arabic]
22.    Ameli, Z. (1413 AH). Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Sharia al-Islam. (Vol. 15, 1st ed.). Qom: Mu'asisah al-Maarif al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
23.    Ameli, Z. (1414 AH). Hashiya al-Irshad. (Vol. 4, 1st ed.). Qom: Publications of the Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary. [In Arabic]
24.    Fazel Lankarani, M. (1418 AH). Tafsil al-Shariah fi Sharh Tahrir al-Wasila - Al-Diyat. (1st ed.). Qom: Jurisprudence center of Pure Imams. [In Arabic]
25.    Farahidi, K. (1410 AH). Kitab al-Ain. (Vol.8, 2nd ed.). Qom: Hijrat Publications. [In Arabic]
26.    Fayoumi, A. (n.d.). Al-Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabeer le al-Rafa'i. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Dar al-Razi Publications.
27.    Qarashi, S. A. A. (1412 AH). Qur'an dictionary. (Vol.7, 6th ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
28.    Kashif al-Ghita, A. (1423 AH). Safina Al-Najat, Mishkat Al-Huda va Misbah Al-Saadat. (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Najaf Ashraf: Kashif al-Ghita Institute. [In Arabic]
29.    Koleyni, M. (1407 AH). Al-Kafi. Vol. 7. (4th ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah. [In Arabic]
30.    Lari, S. A. (1418 AH). Al-Taliqa ala Riaz Al-Masail. (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Encyclopaedia Institute. [In Arabic]
31.    Majlesi Awal, M. T. (1406 AH). Rawda Al-Mu'taqeen fi Sharh Man La Yahzor al-Faqih. (Vol. 10). Qom: Kushanpur Islamic Cultural Institute. [In Arabic]
32.    Marashi Najafi, S. S. (1415 AH). Al-Qisas Ala Zaw'e al-Qur'an va al-Sunnah. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Murashi Najafi Library Publications. [In Arabic]
33.    Makarem Shirazi, N. (1427 AH). New Religious Questions. (Vol. 3, 2nd ed.). Qom: Publications of Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib School. [In Arabic]
34.    Najashi, A. (1418 AH). Rijal al-Najashi. (6th ed.). Qom: Islmaic Publications Institute. [In Arabic]
35.    Najafi, B. H. (1426 AH). Bohouth Fiqhiyah Mu'asirah. (1st ed.). Najaf Ashraf: Office of His Holiness. [In Arabic]
36.    Behjat Foumani, M. T. (1426 AH). Jami al-Masa'il. (Vol. 5, 2nd ed.). Qom: Publications of His Office. [In Arabic]
37.    Fazel Lankarani, M. (n.d.). Jami al-Masa'il. (Vol. 1, 11th ed.) Qom: Amir Qalam Publications.
38.    Majlesi II, M. B. (n.d.). Hudud, Retaliation, and diyat. (1st ed.). Tehran: Islamic Works Publishing Institute.
39.    Montazeri, H. A. (n.d.). Risalah Istifta'at. (Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Qom: Office of His Holiness.