The Image of Presence of a Woman Next to the Muhtadar as Makruh

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Researcher at the Office of Jurisprudential Studies of Forensic Medicine, Qom, Iran.

2 Graduated in Level 3 (M.A) from Al-Zahra University, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Most of contemporary authorities have considered the presence of Junub person and menstruating women as well as leaving women alone with the Muhtadar (A person who is about to die and whose soul is about to leave his body) as Makruh. These fatwas are always followed by the legislators, and therefore, women are sometimes prevented from appearing next to a Muhtadar. Since no extensive research has been carried out on this, then, the question of examining the jurisprudential ruling on the presence of a woman next to a Muhtadar is an issue that needs to be explored until the answer stage. It is necessary to study the jurisprudential principles of these rulings in the sense that in addition to practical fruits, it can express a kind of attitude towards women. Achieving this goal is possible in the shadow of describing and analyzing jurisprudential propositions by collecting library data. The findings of this study suggest that, even if the presence of a menstruating woman next to a Muhtadar is accepted based on the principle of Tasamoh (laxity) in the arguments of Sunnah, but undoubtedly this ruling is only for the time of Talqin (some phrases regarding Islamic beliefs that are recited for the deceased before burying his or her corpse) and does not cover the whole period of Ihtidar. The ruling of leaving women alone with the Muhtadar as makruh also lacks religious support and fatwas.

Keywords

References

*Holy Quran.
1. Alam, Sh. I. (April 5, 2018). Retrieved from http://dar-alifta.org.
2. al-Hurr al-amili. (1414 AH). Wasa'il al-Shi'a (1st ed.). Qom: Aal al-Albayt Foundation.
3. al-Kulayni. (1407 AH). Usul al-Kafi (4th ed.). Tehran: Dar Al-Kitab.
4. Allamah al-Hilli. (1381 AH). Rijal (2nd ed.). Najaf: Al-Haydari Press Releases.
5. Allamah al-Hilli. (1411 AH). Teachers' commentary on the rules of religion (1st ed.). Tehran: Publishing Institute affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
6. Allamah al-Hilli. (1414 AH). Note of the jurists (1st ed.). Qom: Aal al-Albayt Institute.
7. Allamah al-Hilli. (1419 AH). The end of the rulings in the knowledge of the rulings (1st ed.). Qom: Aal al-Albayt Institute.
8. Allamah al-Hilli. (1420 AH). Writing the Shari'a rulings on the Imamiyya religion (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute.
9. al-Shahid al-Awwal. (1417 AH). Sharia courses in Imami jurisprudence (2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
10. al-Shahid al-Thani. (1412 AH). Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyya in the explanation of Damascus (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary.
11. Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid. (1413 AH). Al-Muqna' (1st ed.). Qom: Shaykh Mufid World Congress.
12. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1362). Al-Khisal (1st ed.). Qom: n.p.
13. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1413 AH). I do not attend the jurisprudent (2nd ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications.
14. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1415 AH). al-Muqna' (1st ed.). Qom, Imam Hadi (PBUH) Institute.
15. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (1418 AH). Guidance in the principles and branches (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Hadi (PBUH) Institute.
16. al-Shaykh al-Saduq. (2007). Causes of Sharia (1st ed.). Qom: Arbitration Bookstore.
17. Ameli, M. (1411 AH). Evidence of the rulings in the explanation of the worships of Islamic law (1st ed.). Beirut: Aal al-Albayt Institute.
18. Amoli, M. M. T. (1380 AH). Misbah Al-Huda in Sharh Al-Urwa Al-Wathqa Tehran: Moalef.
19. Ansari, M. (1414 AH). Rasail al-Fiqhiya (1st ed.). Qom: World Congress in honor of Shaykh Azam Ansari.
20. Ansari, M. (1415 AH b). al-Makasib (1st ed.). Qom: World Congress in honor of Shaykh Azam Ansari.
21. Ansari, M. (1415 AH). Kitab al-Tahara (1st ed.). Qom: World Congress in honor of Shaykh Azam Ansari.
22. Ayatollah Khomeini. (1426 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (1st ed.). n.p.
23. Bahrani, Y. (1405 AH). al-Hadaiq al-Nazira fi Ahkam al-Itrat al-Tahira (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
24. Bojnordi, S. H. (1419 AH). Jurisprudential rules (1st ed.). Qom: Al-Hadi Publishing.
25. Fadhil Hindi, M. (1416 AH). Discovering the illusions and ambiguities about the rules of rulings (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
26. Fayz Kashani, M. M. (n.d.). Keys of Sharia (1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications.
27. Fazel Lankarani, M. (1426 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (144th ed.). Qom: n.p.
28. Hilli, Sh. (1424 AH). Teachings of religion in the jurisprudence of Al-Yasin (1st ed.). Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute.
29. Hilli, Y. (1405 AH). Comprehensive Law (1st ed.). Qom: Sayyid Al-Shuhada Al-Alamiya Foundation.
30. Imam al-Rida (AS). (1406 AH). al-Fiqh al-Radawi (1st ed.). Mashhad: Aal al-Bayt Institute.
31. Kashi, A. A. M. (1409 AH). Rijal al-Kashi (1st ed.). Mashhad: Mashhad University Press.
32. Khansari, S. A. (1405 AH). Comprehensive evidence in a brief description of the benefits (2nd ed.). Qom: Ismailiyan Institute.
33. Kofi, M. (n.d.). Al-Ja’fariyat - Ash'athiyat (1st ed.). Tehran: Neinava Library.
34. Majlesi, M. B. (1406 AH). The other options in understanding the refinement of news (1st ed.). Qom: Marashi Najafi Library.
35. Majlesi, M. B. (1410 AH). Bihar al-Anwar (AS) (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
36. Majlesi, M. T. (1406 AH). The shrine of the pious in the explanation of not attending the jurisprudent (2nd ed.). Qom: Kushanpour Islamic Cultural Institute.
37. Makarem Shirazi, N. (1429 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (52nd ed.). Qom: Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) School Publications.
38. Maraghi, S. M. A. F. (1417 AH). al-A’navin al-Faqih (1st ed.). Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
39. Mohaqiq Hilli. (1407 AH). Authentic in brief description (1st ed.). Qom: Sayyid al-Shuhada Institute.
40. Mohaqiq Hilli. (1408 AH). Islamic Sharia in Matters of Halal and Haram (2nd ed.). Qom: Ismailiyan Institute.
41. Naeini, M. H. (1352 AP). Exodus (1st ed.). Qom: Mystic Press.
42. Najafi, J. (1422 AH). Kashif al-Ghita' on the ambiguities of Sharia law (1st ed.). Qom: Publications of the Islamic Propaganda Office of the seminary.
43. Najafi, J. (n.d.). Resalat in the rules of the dead (1st ed.). Najaf: Kashif al-Ghatta Institute.
44. Najafi, M. H. (1404 AH). Jawahar al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharia al-Islam (7th ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
45. Rashedi, L., & Rashedi, S. (2014). The treatise on the explanation of issues, not the reference (11th ed.). Tehran: Payam-e-Adalat Publications.
46. Sabzwari, M. B. (1423 AH). Sufficiency of rulings (1st ed.). Qom: Teachers Association.
47. Shaykh Tusi. (1400 AH). The end in the single jurisprudence and fatwas. Second Ed., Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi.
48. Shaykh Tusi. (1407 AH). Tahdhib al-Ahkam (4th ed.). Tehran: Islamic Bookstore.
49. Shaykh Tusi. (1417 AH). The number in the principles of jurisprudence (1st ed.). Qom: Interested parties.
50. Shaykh Tusi. (2008). Enabling in Imami jurisprudence (3rd ed.). Tehran: Mortazavi Library.
51. Shubairi Zanjani, S. M. (1430 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (1st ed.). Qom: Salsabil.
52. Sobhani T, J. (1429 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (3rd ed.). Qom: Imam Sadiq (PBUH) Institute.
53. Tabatabaei Hakim, S. M. S. (n.d.). Misbah Al-Minhaj – Kitab al-Tahara (1st ed.). n.p.: Al-Manar Foundation.
54. Tabatabaei, S. M. K. (1409 AH). Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa (2nd ed.). Beirut: Scientific Foundation.
55. Tusi, M. (1408 AH). The means to reach the virtue (1st ed.). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications.
56. Vahid Khorasani, H. (1428 AH). Tawzih-Ul-Masail (9th ed.). Qom: Imam Baqir School.
Fiqh
Volume 27, Issue 103 - Serial Number 103
September 2020
Pages 165-189

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 March 2020
  • Revise Date: 30 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 15 November 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics