Identify the Subject of the Contract in Customary Guarantee

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Private Law, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Depart-ment of Law, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Law,University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran .

Abstract

In civil law and Imamiyah jurisprudence, based on the theory of narration and basis of the contract of guarantee on the institution of Dhimmah, the subject of this contract is limited to the fixed religion in Dhimmah and existing at the time of the contract, to the extent that most of the jurists have considered the absence of these two aforementioned conditions as the cause of the invalidity of this contract. However, the subject of guaranteed and common contracts cannot be limited to these conditions. The adequacy of the existence of the cause is not enough to solve the issue. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify the subject of the contract, the conditions, and its effects on these conditions, based on the nature of this type of guarantee and appropriate techniques related to this nature, in the guarantees that are used in society. The current paper, in addition to proposing a general theory in the realm of guarantee, it has broken the monopoly of the subject on religion and made obligations in its broadest sense the subject of this contract, with a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the customary approach to the guarantee contract, by analyzing the nature of the customary guarantee and its profound difference with the narrative guarantee, and using the responsible institution instead of the institution of dhimmah in explaining the subject of the contract.

Keywords

References

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Fiqh
Volume 27, Issue 103 - Serial Number 103
September 2020
Pages 137-164

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 May 2020
  • Revise Date: 10 July 2020
  • Accept Date: 15 November 2020

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