Explaining the theory of "The Necessity of Timed Partnership" With an emphasis on Some Fatwas of Contemporary Jurists

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor. faculty member of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

2 PhD student at Level four of Islamic Seminary of Qom.

Abstract

According to the most of the jurists' belief and civil law, partnership, even with determining time is a permissible contract and each of the sides can annul the contract any time they want one-sided. This belief can cause problems in practice. Thus, researchers have found solutions for this problem including the necessary condition in other necessary contract or condition of time in other necessary contract. In the meantime, some of the contemporary jurists have come up with better solutions in the form of a new theory. The current paper tries to explain this theory. According to this theory, there are two types of partnerships: The partnership in which the time is determined and it is considered a necessary contract, and the partnership that is absolute and with determining the time which is considered a permissible contract and can be annulled. This study has been conducted by collecting data and information from written resources, computer websites, and scientific software through a descriptive-analytical method. In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of this theory is proven after explaining the viewpoints and examining the arguments in detail.

Keywords

References

  1. The Holy Quran.
  2. Akhund Khorasani, Mohammad Kazem Ibn Hossain (1429 AH), Kifayat al-Osul, vol.1, fifth print, Qom: the Institute for Islamic Publications.
  3. Ibn idris (Mohammad Ibn Ahmad) (1406 AH), al-Sara'er al-Havi le Tahrir al-Fatawa, vol.2, Qom: The Society of Teachers of Islamic Seminary of Qom.
  4. Ibn Hamze (Mohammad Ibn Ali) (1408 AH), al-Vasilah ila Neyl al-Fazilat, first print, Qom: Maktab Ayatollah Mar'ashi.
  5. Ibn Zohreh (Hamzeh Ibn Ali) (1417 AH), Qaniyah al-Nozoo ila Elmi al-Osul va al-Foroo, Qom: Imam Sadeq Institute.
  6. Ibn Saeed (Yahya Ibn Saeed Helli) (1407 AH), al-Jame' le Shara'e al-Islam fi Masa'el al-Halal va al-Haram, Qom: Sayyid al-Shohada Institute.
  7. Ibn Fahad Helli (Ahmad Ibn Mohammad)(1407), al-Mohzab al-Bare' fi Sharh al-Mokhtasar al-Nafe, conducted by Mojtaba Araqi, vol.2, first print, Qom: Society of Teachers of Islamic Seminary of Qom.
  8. Ardebili, Ahmad Ibn Mohammad ((1416 AH), Majma' al-Faeedat va al-Borhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan, vol.10, second print, Qom: Society of Teachers of Islamic Seminary of Qom.
  9. Zobdat al-Bayan fi Ahkam al-Quran, Tehran: Maktab al-Mortazavi le Ihya Asar al-Jafariyah.
  10. Emami, Hassan (1391 SH), civil rights, vol.2, 33rd print, Tehran: Islamiyyah Publications.
  11. Ansari, Morteza  (1424 AH), al-Makasib, vols. 3&5, first print, Qom: Majma al-Fikar al-Islami.
  12. Bojnoordi, Hassan (1424 AH), al-Qava'ed al-Fiqhiyah, by Mahdi Mehrizi & Mohammad Hossain Derayati, vol.5, first print, Qom: Dalile ma Publications.
  13. Bohrani, Yousof Ibn Ahmad (1363 SH), al-Hada'eq al-Nazerat fi Ahkam al-Itrat al-Taherah,vol.21, second print, Qom: Society of Teachers of Islamic Seminary of Qom.
  14. Bahjat, Mohammad Taqi (1376 SH), Risalah Tawzih al-Masa'el, tenth print, Qom: Ayatollah Bahjat Office.
  15. Jafari Majd, Mohammad, Aliabadi, Pegah (1396 SH), the condition for the necessity in the permission contracts with an emphasis on partnership contract, legal rights viewpoints, vol.22, issue.77 &78, p.91-112.
  16. Ha'eri Kazem (1415 AH),  Fiqh al-Oqud, vol.1, first print, Qom: Majma' al-Fakar al-Islami.
  17. Hor Ameli, Mohammad Ibn Hassan (1401 AH), Vas'el al-Shia fi Tahsil Ahkam al-Shariah, Abdorahim Rabani Shirazi, vol. 13&15, fifth print, Tehran: Maktab al-Islamiyah.
  18. Hosseini Rohani, Mohammad Sadeq (1392 SH), Fiqh al-Sadiq, vol.20, fifth print, Qom: Dar al-Kitab Institute.
  19. Hosseini Khansari, Ahmad (1355 SH), Jame' al-Madarek fi Sharh al-Mokhtasar al-Nafe', by Ali Akbar Ghafari, vol.3, second print, Tehran: Maktab al-Saduq.
  20. Khomeini, Rohollah (1392 SH), Tahrir al-Vasilah, vol.1, first print, Qom: The Institute for Preparation and Publications of Imam Khomeini's Works.
  21. Khuei, Abolghasem (1430 AH), al-Mabani fi Sharh al-Orvat al-Vosqa, vol.1, fourth print, al-Khuei al-Islamiyah Institute.
  22. Rostami Chalkasari, Ebadollah, Alinejadi Gurabjavari, Mohammad (1393 SH), a jurisprudential-legal examination on the effect of condition of time for permissible contracts, Journal of Islamic jurisprudence and Law Studies, vol.6, issue 11, p.231-160.
  23. Sobhani, Jafar (1388 SH), Risalah Tawzih al-Masa'el, Mashhad: Hatef.
  24. (1416 AH), Nizam al-Mozarebeh fi al-Shariah al-Islamiyah al-Qora, first print, Qom: Imam Sadeq Institute.
  25. (1429 AH), al-Vasit fi Osul al-Fiqh, vol.2, first print, Qom: Imam Sadeq Institute.
  26. Sistani, Sayyid Ali (1427 AH), Minhaj al-Salehin, vol.2, first print, Mashhad, Maktab al-Samahat Ayatollah al-Sayyid al-Sistani.
  27. Shobeyri Zanjani, Sayyid Musa (1398 SH), Course of Kharij of Ayatollah Shobeyri, http://www.eshia.ir/feqh/archive/text/shobeiry/feqh/94/941106.
  28. Shahid Awal (Mohammad Ibn Maki Ameli) (1411 AH), al-Lom'at al-Dameshqiyah, second print, Qom: Dar al-Fekar.
  29. Shahid Sani (Zainodin al-Din Ibn Ali) (1398 SH), Al-Rawzat al-Bahiyah fi Sharh al-Lom'at al-Dameshqiyah, corrected by Mohammad Kalantar, vol.4, second print, Qom: Dar al-Hadi le al-Matbuat.
  30. (1429 AH), Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Shara'e al-Islam, vol.4, fourth print, Qom: al-Ma'arif al-Islamiyah Institute.
  31. Shaikh Saduq (Ibn Babuyeh, Mohammad Ibn Ali) (1404 AH), Man la Yahzar al-Faqih, corrected by Ali Akbar Ghafari, vol.3, second print, Qom: The Society of the Teachers of Qom Seminary.
  32. Shaikh Saduq (Mohammad Ibn Hassan) (1365 SH), Tahzib al-Ahkam, by Hassan Khersan and Mohammad Akhundi, second print, Qom: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah.
  33. (1387 SH), al-Mabsut fi Fiqh al-Imamiyah, vol.3, first print, Tehran: Mortazavieh.
  34. (1389 SH), Tafsir al-Tebyan, vol.4, first print, Qom: Alulbayt Institute.
  35. (1400 AH), al-Nahayat fi Mojarad al-Fiqh va al-Fatawa, second print, Beirut: Dar al=Andelos.
  36. Al-Khilaf, vol.3, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  37. Sahib Javahir (Mohammad Hassan Najafi) (1981), Javahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara'e al-Islam, by Abbas Quchani, vol.26, seventh print, Beirut: Dar Ihya Toras al-Arabi.
  38. Tabatabaei Hakim, Mohsen (1391 AH), Mostamsek al-Orvat al-Vosqa, vol.12, fourth print, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Toras al-Arabi.
  39. Tabatabaei Yazdi, Mohammad Kazim (1417 AH), al-Orvat al-Vosqa fima min Behi al-Balva, vol.5, first print, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications affiliated to the Society of the Teachers of Qom .
  40. Tabatabaei, Ali Ibn Mohammad (1382 AH), Riaz al-Masa'el fi Bayan al-Ahkam ba al-Dala'el, vol.9, Qom: Alulbayt Institute for Ihya al-Toras.
  41. Al-Sharh al-Saqir fi Sharh Mokhtasar al-Nafe', vol.2, Qom: Library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi.
  42. Ameli Mohammad Javad Ibn Mohammad Hosseini, Miftah al-keramt fi Sharh Qava'ed al-Alamat, vol.20, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  43. Allameh Helli (Hassan Ibn Yousof) (1410 AH), Irshad al-Azhan ila Ahkam al-Iman, vol.1, first print, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  44. (1412 AH), Mokhtalaf al-Shia fi Ahkam al-Shariah, vol.6, first print, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  45. (1413 AH), Qava'ed al-Ahkam fi Ma'refat al-Halal va al-haram, first print, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  46. Fazel Abi, Hassan Ibn Abitalib (1408 AH), Kashf al-Romuz fi Sharh al-Mokhtasr al-Nafi', by Ali Panah Eshtehardi &Hossein Yazdi, vol.2, The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  47. Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad (1383 SH), Tafsil al-Shariah fi Sharh Tahrir al-Vasilah: al-Mozarebeh, al-Shirkaht, first print, Qom: Markaz Fiqh al-A'emat al-Athar.
  48. Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad (1386 SH), Risalah Tawzih al-Masa'el, third print, Qom: Adineh Sabz.
  49. Forughi, Sayyid Alireza (1381 SH), A jurisprudential and legal examination into the timed condition in partnership contract. Journal of Rahnemoun, vol.1, issue no.1, p.99-122.
  50. Feiz Kashani, Mohammad Ibn Shah Morteza (1406 AH), al-Wafi, vol.18, first print, Isfahan: Imam Ali Library.
  51. Qazi Ibn Baraj, Abdolaziz ibn Nahrir (1406 AH), al-Mohazab, vol.1, Qom: The Institute for Islamic Publications.
  52. Katouzian, Naser (1376 SH), Civil Rights, determined contracts, vol.4, Permission contracts, second print, Tehran: Inteshar Stock Company.
  53. Kelini, Mohammad Ibn Yaqub (1388 AH), al-Kafi, corrected by Ali Akbar Ghafari, vol.5, third print, Qom: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyah.
  54. Majlesi, Mohammad Baqir Ibn Mohammad Taqi (1404 AH), Mir'at al-Oqul fi Sharh Akhbar Ale Rasul, vol.19, second print, Qom: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyah.
  55. Majlesi, Mohammad Taqi Ibn Maqsud Ali (1406 AH), Rawzah al-Motaqin fi Sharh man La Yahzar al-Faqih, vol.7, Qom: Foundation of Islamic Culture, Haj Mohammad Hossain Kushanpour.
  56. Mohaqiq Helli (Jafar Ibn Hassan) (1402 AH), Al-Mokhtasar al-Nafi' fi Fiqh al-Imamiyah, second print, Tehran; al-Bi'sat Institute.
  57. (1409 AH), Shara'e al-Islam, vol.2, Tehran: Esteghlal.
  58. Mohaqiq Korki (Ali Ibn Hossain) (1408 AH), Jame' al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qava'ed, vol.8, first print, Qom: Alulbayt le al-Ihya al-Toras Institute.
  59. Mozafar, Mohammad Reza (1373 SH), Usul Fiqh, vol.2, second print, Qom: Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami.
  60. Makarem Shirazi, Naser (1410 AH), al-Qava'ed al-Fiqhiyah, vol.1, first print, Qom: Imam Amir al-Momenin School.
  61. Musavi Ardebili, Abdolkarim (1421 AH), Fiqh al-Mozaribah, first print, Qom: The Institute of al-Nashr le Jame'a al-Mofid.
  62. (1398 SH), Risalah Tawzih al-Masa'el, retrieved from: http://www.ardebili.com/fa/Library/View/1/438.
  63. Vahid Khorasani, Hossain (1421 AH), Risalah Tawzih al-Masa'el, fourth print, Qom: Baqir al-Olum School.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 12 December 2019
  • Accept Date: 04 November 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics